Chinese Consumers Are Losing Patience with Presales on E-commerce Platforms
Presales have become a common practice on Chinese e-commerce platforms. This is especially true for some apparel stores on Taobao. It often takes 7 days, 15 days, 30 days, or even 45 days to deliver an item after consumers place an order. Some e-commerce stores even specify that “days” here means “working days.”
Presales are losing consumers’ patience in China. On Little Red Book, the hashtag #讨厌预售 (I hate presales) has over 2k posts, and related content was browsed more than 600k times.
@温仙女, who has over 7.7 million followers on Douyin, posted a video complaining about the presales on Taobao, criticizing the selling mode totally ignoring consumers’ eager need to receive parcels, and it will result in more people shopping offline. Another KOL @冉高鸣, who becomes well-known because of a debating show U Can U Bibi (奇葩说), also posted a video to express his dislike towards presales. He bought a sweater, and it showed that the item wouldn’t be shipped until two months later. Ran was teasing that he was “happy” to help the brand raise sheep at the beginning of the production.
Presales used to be only applied on big e-commerce shopping festivals such as 618 and Double 11 so that brands could have a better idea of the number of stocks they should prepare for. But it seems this selling mode is no longer welcomed among Chinese consumers nowadays.
How did Presales Originate in China?
According to Ran Finance(燃财经), presales first showed up in 2012 on Tmall. It aimed to help brands estimate the demanded quantity and avoid overstocking.
Presales are commonly seen in Hanfu, JK uniforms, and Lolita costumes, which are called “Three Broken Sisters” among Chinese consumers. They usually need to wait a long time for their beloved dress. It takes two months to two years, depending on the number of people waiting in line and the manufacturing process that a dress needs.
These are product categories that consumers are okay to accept presales in China. The mode has expanded from big e-commerce shopping festivals to daily shopping, and from the three broken sisters to clothes, food, electronic devices, and even daily supplies such as tissues.
Why Merchandisers are Embracing Presale on E-commerce Platforms?
Avoid overstocking and anticipate demanded volume
Overstocking hinders the flow of capital. The C2M (Customer-to-Manufacturer) mode can help brands predict the quantity demanded. Due to Covid-19, people also become cautious when making choices, so they seek safe choices that won’t cause them to lose too much.
Merchandisers also use a small quantity of products to learn consumers’ reactions. For example, if dresses in blue colors sell well or shoes in sizes 36 sell well, they will order factories to produce more.
Factories can’t meet large orders
Factories are short of raw materials. Take the example of apparel stores. Factories often have to wait in line to get fine lining. Even their production speed can keep up with the large order; they don’t have many raw materials to work on.
The limit of power supply also affects production. Since September 2021, many Chinese provinces have restricted electricity use, especially those in the south of China. Before the restriction, factories operated for six days and took a day off. Now workers work for five days and have two days off. As a result, their production capability is shrunk by two-thirds.
Another factor that results in the production issue is the lack of labor. Statistics show over 1.5 million people have left the manufacturing industry in the recent 5 years in China, resulting in a job vacancy of 22 million people in 2020. That’s why a rep suggested that the Chinese youth should be encouraged to join the manufacturing industry during the last session of the National People’s Congress.
Market acquisition
With a limited number of consumers and a growing number of brands, it has gotten harder for brands to acquire customers online. Presales allow brands to use a small number of products to “lock” customers in China. After paying deposits, consumers will likely think twice when they visit another e-store with` similar products or services.
Other reasons
Homogenization is common on e-commerce platforms, leading to a high return rate. Popular items attract merchandisers to mimic, and what makes things worse is that those copies are often sold at lower prices. So why not buy a similar one with lower prices? That results in many returns.
The return rate is growing wildly on Chinese e-commerce platforms. Take the example of apparel. In 2014, the return rate on Taobao’s apparel stores was less than 10%. Now the number has risen to 30%, and Douyin’s return rate is up to 50% – 60%. The benefit of brands’ having presales is that they can buy themselves time to receive those returned items and send them out to customers who have paid deposits.
How do Presales Drain Chinese Consumers’ Patience?
Chinese consumers are okay with the following circumstances for presales. One is for some big shopping festivals on e-commerce platforms, and the other is more like a customized service. For example, an apparel store that specializes in Hanfu called Minghuatang (明华堂) often takes a year to deliver what consumers ordered on its website. Such customized products deserve a long wait.
Consumers don’t think the product is worth waiting for a long time
Consumers can’t stand the fact that after waiting for several weeks or months, they receive a dress that doesn’t have any customization. It is just an ordinary piece!
The long waiting time also kills their excitement to open a parcel. What consumers really want the moment that they place an order online is that they can receive the parcel immediately. But after many conversations with brands’ customer service agents and the disappointment, it’s not that fun anymore.
And sometimes, consumers just want a nice dress to wear, have photos taken and posted on social media. Consumers complain that “Presales have them miss the whole spring,” meaning they don’t take any pictures because there are no nice clothes to wear in the spring.
The truth behind presales
Superficially, it seems presales satisfy both brands’ need to avoid overstocking and consumers’ need to purchase products at lower prices, but it is in fact, a “lose-lose” situation.
Presales transfer brands’ risk of overstocking to consumers’ side by having consumers pay money first and wait for some time. Because of this, consumers are not only losing their patience but also trust in brands. Consumers are also re-adopting their habits to shop offline as it is quicker for them to have an item.
